A reading list on the political controversies around the 61st Venice Biennale, “In Minor Keys” (9 May – 22 November 2026).
1. LONG READS
- Frieze: A Brief History of Protest at the Venice Biennale (29 April 2026, by Matthew Holman)
- Ocula: Inside the Goldfish Bowl: Venice 1968, protest and politics (14 May 2026, by Brittany Rosemary Jones)
- Triple Ampersand: The 1968 Venice Biennale: Boycotting the Exhibition – An Account of Three Extraordinary Days (13 April 2024, by Chiara Di Stefano)
- ArtReview: There Has Never Been an Apolitical Venice Biennale (21 April 2026, by Oliver Basciano)
- e-flux Notes: What Did the Golden Lion Die Of? On Judgment and Disavowal at the Venice Biennale (1 May 2026, by Antonia Majaca)
- ArtAsiaPacific: Minor Keys, Major Ruptures (30 June 2026, by Ute Meta Bauer)
- The New York Times: The Venice Biennale and Its Many Flashpoints: An Explainer (5 May 2026, by Zachary Small)
- The New York Times: A Very American Controversy on the Art World’s Biggest Stage (8 May 2026, by M.H. Miller)
- Frame Contemporary Art Finland: Notes from the Preview Week: Politics at the 61st Venice Biennale, (23 June 2026, by Juha Huuskonen)
2. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES
General coverage
- The Economist: Welcome to a spectacularly fraught edition of the Venice Biennale (8 May 2026)
- The Guardian: Dark clouds, protests and resignations dampen start of 61st Venice Biennale (5 May 2026)
- CNN: The world’s most important art festival is imploding and Russia and Israel sit at the center of the crisis (1 May 2026)
- ArtReview: Venice Biennale opening marked by protests (6 May 2026)
- Cultured: 72 Hours in Venice: Palazzos, Protests and a Biennale on the Brink (13 May 2026)
- ArtsHub: Can this year’s Venice Biennale artists avoid politics amid protests and pavilion closures? (11 May 2026)
- Domus: Biennale Arte 2026: controversies, protests and conflicts (9 May 2026)
- Kunstkritikk: A Time of Transition (13 May 2026)
- The Guardian: Several Venice Biennale pavilions shut in protest over inclusion of Israel (8 May 2026)
- Daniel G. Andújar: The 2026 Venice Biennale Implodes: Diplomatic Collapse, Historic Strike, and the Privatisation of Art (11 May 2026)
Israel and the 8 May protests
Israel’s pavilion was moved from the Giardini to the Arsenale. Over 200 Biennale participants signed an Art Not Genocide Alliance (ANGA) letter demanding its cancellation. On 8 May a 24-hour strike partly or fully closed at least 27 national pavilions.
- The Art Newspaper: Hundreds of Venice Biennale participants sign letter demanding cancellation of Israeli pavilion (17 March 2026)
- Artnet: open letter protesting the participation of Israel, Russia and the USA (31 March 2026)
- ArtThrob: An urgent call from artists and curators of the 61st International Art Exhibition (1 April 2026)
- The Art Newspaper: Major protests take place at Venice Biennale previews (6 May 2026)
- Hyperallergic: Historic Strike Disrupts Biennale as Thousands March in Venice (8 May 2026)
- The New York Times: Artists’ Strike Closes Pavilions at Venice Biennale, Adding to Upheaval (8 May 2026)
- ArtAsiaPacific: Dozens of pavilions close during strike at 61st Venice Biennale
- Ocula: Venice Pavilions Shutter and Protesters Clash With Police Amid Anti-Israel Action
- e-flux Notes: On the Making of the May 8 Strike at the 61st Venice Biennale
Russia’s return and the EU funding cut
Russia returned to the biennale for the first time since 2019. The pavilion opened to the press during the preview and was then closed to the public, with a video documentation of the preview week event visible through the windows. Italy’s culture minister stayed away from the opening. In July the European Commission withdrew €2 million of funding; the Biennale said it would challenge the decision.
- Associated Press: Inclusion of Russia in 2026 Venice Biennale art fair sparks outcry (March 2026)
- Euronews: MEPs urge Commission leaders to stop Russia from returning to the Venice Biennale (28 March 2026)
- The Kyiv Independent: Ahead of Venice Biennale, Ukraine sanctions several members of Russian pavilion
- Artforum: Russia’s Venice pavilion will be closed to public
- Ocula: Anti-Russia Protests Spread Beyond the Biennale and Into Venice
- Reuters: Venice Biennale to challenge EU funding cut over Russian pavilion row (22 July 2026)
- ANSA: Venice Biennale chief unrepentant after EU axes €2 mn in funding over Russia (23 July 2026)
Jury resignation and the Visitors’ Lions
On 22 April the international jury said it would not give awards to countries whose leaders face International Criminal Court charges. Israel’s artist Belu-Simion Fainaru responded with legal warnings alleging discrimination, and the jury resigned on 30 April. The Biennale replaced the Golden Lions with public-vote “Visitors’ Lions”, open to all national pavilions, and moved the ceremony to the closing day, 22 November. Nearly half of the artists in the main exhibition, plus participants from 22 national pavilions, withdrew from the vote.
- ArtReview: Venice Biennale 2026 international jury resigns
- BBC News: Venice Biennale jury resigns days before start of top art exhibition (30 April 2026)
- ArtReview: Israeli Pavilion artist issued legal warnings before Biennale jury resignation (7 May 2026)
- Artforum: Israel’s artist threatened legal action against the Venice Biennale
- Hyperallergic: Venice Biennale Scraps “Golden Lion” Awards as Turmoil Continues (1 May 2026)
- ArtAsiaPacific: Venice Biennale’s Visitor Lions Face Artist Boycott (11 May 2026)
- ArtReview: 81 artists withdraw from Venice Biennale competition
- Artnet: Political fallout rocks Venice Biennale prize system
South Africa
Culture minister Gayton McKenzie cancelled Gabrielle Goliath’s planned pavilion work “Elegy”, which includes a mourning for victims in Gaza. Goliath’s court challenge failed and South Africa had no pavilion. The work was shown independently at the Chiesa di Sant’Antonin in Castello.
- Artforum: South Africa cancels Venice Biennale pavilion
- ArtThrob: Goodman Gallery issues a statement: “We fundamentally support the right to freedom of expression” (15 January 2026)
- Daily Maverick: Gayton vs Goliath: the minister’s machinations to cancel the Venice Biennale artwork (10 February 2026)
- Artforum: South African court rejects Gabrielle Goliath’s Venice bid
- Hyperallergic: South Africa Pulls Out of Venice Biennale
- Hyperallergic: Art Movements: A Canceled Biennale Show Finds a New Home (26 March 2026)
- ArtThrob: 1993–Now: A History of South Africa’s Participation at the Venice Biennale (13 May 2026)
- The Art Newspaper: Artist Gabrielle Goliath brings cancelled Venice Biennale work to London (14 October 2026)
Kazakhstan
Asel Kadyrkhanova’s installation “Machine” (2013), on Stalinist repression in Kazakhstan, was dismantled on 5 May, days before the opening of the Kazakhstan Pavilion exhibition “Qoñyr: The Archive of Silence”. The Ministry of Culture and Information cited a clause in its contract with the host venue, the Museo Storico Navale. The venue’s management company denied asking for the removal. Curator Syrlybek Bekbota later said he made the decision himself. Over 100 Kazakh art professionals signed an open letter demanding the work be reinstated.
- Vlast: Kazakhstan’s ministry removes Kadyrkhanova’s work from the Venice Biennale (11 May 2026)
- e-flux Notes: Open letter in support of the artist Asel Kadyrkhanova (21 May 2026)
- ArtAsiaPacific: Kazakhstani Art Community Demands Reinstatement of Censored Venice Work (29 May 2026)
- ARTnews: Venice Biennale’s Kazakh Pavilion Roiled by Controversy after Artwork Fails to Make It on View
Australia
Creative Australia dropped artist Khaled Sabsabi and curator Michael Dagostino in February 2025, days after announcing them. After an independent review it reinstated them in July 2025, and Sabsabi represented Australia in 2026.
- The Conversation: “A shameful call by Creative Australia”: the arts community reacts to Khaled Sabsabi being dropped (14 February 2025)
- ABC News: How Creative Australia’s perplexing backflip on Khaled Sabsabi defines our current moment of turmoil (19 February 2025)
- ArtReview: Khaled Sabsabi reinstated to represent Australia at 2026 Venice Biennale (July 2025)
- Momus: Bringing Their Own Self: Khaled Sabsabi in Venice (7 August 2026)
United States
The State Department dropped the usual independent selection panel and asked for a pavilion that promotes “American values”. Curator Jeffrey Uslip selected Alma Allen. Anish Kapoor and others argued the US should also be excluded.
- The Art Newspaper: US participation in 2026 Venice Biennale in limbo amid Trump’s arts defunding (6 May 2025)
- The Art Newspaper: Sculptor Alma Allen reportedly selected to represent US at 2026 Venice Biennale (14 November 2025)
- Associated Press: At the art world Olympics, Team USA is chaotic (23 April 2026)
- The Guardian: Anish Kapoor says US’s ‘politics of hate’ should exclude it from Venice Biennale (4 May 2026)
Iran
Iran did not take part, amid the war with the US and Israel. Reports in early May were contradictory before the Biennale confirmed its absence.
- Hyperallergic: Iran Will Not Participate in Venice Biennale, Organizers Say
- Artnet: Iran withdraws from the Venice Biennale
- ArtAsiaPacific: Iran denies withdrawal from 2026 Venice Biennale
- The Conversation: What Iran’s absence from the Venice Biennale reveals about art and politics
Qatar
Qatar has been given a permission to build a permanent national pavilion in the Giardini. It is the first new national pavilion there since South Korea in 1995 and grew out of a 2024 cooperation agreement between Qatar Museums and the City of Venice. Critics have questioned the transparency of the deal and Qatar’s human rights record.
- ArtReview: Qatar to build permanent Venice Biennale pavilion (11 February 2025)
- Hyperallergic: Qatar to Build National Pavilion in the Venice Biennale’s Giardini
- The Art Journal: Qatar Bought its Way to the Venice Biennale. Does it Matter?, Tien Albert (22 May 2026)
- ARTnews: South Africa Reportedly Blames Qatar for Its Decision to Cancel Venice Biennale Pavilion with Gaza Artwork
- Daily Maverick: McKenzie’s ‘foreign power’ defence for cancelling Venice Biennale artwork falls flat (15 January 2026)











